Lets back up to get some context. 12 I will praise Thee, O Lord my God, with all my heart: and I will glorify Thy name for evermore. Make straight in the desert I started with a NKJV, then last 10 years or so a NASB. The Confessional view holds that God must have preserved the scriptures completely without error. This will definitely be my go to when I need to refresh my memory about the mysterious M, NU footnotes in my bible . Praise ye the LORD. The manuscripts finder Tischendorf who reckoned it as the greatest find of his life said the following: On nearly every page of the manuscript there are corrections and revisions, done by 10 different people. However, that doesnt mean it was a good thing. The western part of Christendom stopped using Greek as their primary language in the mid-1st millennium. Note, all of the above are very similar. Its not good to be so confident in your writing and yet be so wrong in interpreting Scripture. It is widely quoted in the New Testament. Their desire is to preserve the legacy of the NASB95, as well as incorporate two major changes: This page was last modified on 5 March 2016, at 14:05. Or perhaps youd use all of three, using the combination to correct the few small variants between them. Further, you note, correctly of course, that the Bible doesnt save anyoneChrist and His work provide salvationyou, in exhaustion I hope and not in dishonesy, fail to deal with the fact that this offer of salvation is conveyed to us by Gods words or not at all. (Well look at the verses they use to support this statement lower down.) Lets assume for the sake of argument that the Majority Text is essentially identical to the original. In the last ~140 years since the Westcott & Hort 1881 Critical Text, weve discovered Papyri from the 300s, 200s, and even a few from the 100s. This accidental skipping could account for a very significant portion of the longer Byzantine Textual Variants. Despite this, the Critical Text of the New Testament remains virtually unchanged from ~140 years ago. See Biblia Hebraica Quinta (BHQ) Fourth fascicle: Proverbs Accessed March 26, 2011, 4. Irenaeus in the 2nd century, though not in Alexandria, made a similar admission on the state of corruption among New Testament manuscripts. Remember, there was no dictionary in ancient times, and thus no defined right or wrong way to spell a word. At this time I consider myself a textus receptus guy and find his position interesting. Is there a translation that uses a blend of the Critical Text and the Majority Text? They do a bit of tap-dancing in their Introduction to the NT indicating theyve taken a different route than Westcott & Hort. Youre welcome. Only one reading can be original, however many variant readings there may be. The symbolic head covering cannot be placed over/upon a mans head but rather it must be placed over/upon a womans head. everything between them, However important the early papyri, or a particular uncial, or a minuscule may be, there is no single manuscript or group or manuscripts that can be followed mechanically, even though certain combinations of witnesses may deserve a greater degree of confidence than others. I have one question regarding the majority text view, which I dont think you addressed, but I could have missed it like you said it is a sizable post. They arent the only ones to say this either. What is your alternative solution then? the KJV] was not translated from any one printed edition of the Greek text. Did God Preserve the Scriptures Perfectly in All Ages? Part 2 focuses more on the actual methodology. He wasnt the only one who thought this either: In this connection, it is worth noting that the translators of the King James Version did not follow exclusively any single printed edition of the New Testament in Greek. For example, they it omit the Johanine comma and include the Pericope Adulterae. I unrolled the cover, and discovered, to my great surprise, not only those very fragments which, fifteen years before, I had taken out of the basket, but also other parts of the Old Testament, the New Testament complete, and, in addition, the Epistle of Barnabas and a part of the Pastor of Hermas. 23 having been born again, not of corruptible seed but incorruptible, through the Word of God (Jesus) which lives and abides forever, All flesh is as grass, Much of what Ive read over the years tends to elevate personal opinion and mud-slinging over an objective summary of the subject. He worked for the University of Toronto from 1951 until his retirement in 1984. She reproves the angels of Satan declaring that she will submit to the authority of God, even though they did not. Thankyou so much for all your research and sharing your knowledge. In 1881, Brooke Westcott and Fenton Hort published The New Testament in the Original Greek, which is the grandfather of the Greek Critical Text that most modern Bibles translate from. I have to say though that this article was a HUGE help in my deciding factor of what to do. Thank you for all of your hard work and youre opinion and your honesty! For now, lets look at the underpinnings for the Majority Text theory. Ive had an NIV Bible for a long time and stumbled across some KJV only preachers on youtube who challenged my translation. And More Importantly, Why? I have only been reading the Bible for a couple months so I probably won't have much use out of the cross-references until I read through a lot. Why dismiss the Gospels just because they are a different text type? Caleb Yunni, on 17 August 2020 - 02:22 PM, said: I think you have coded wrong number at Genesis 1:1 word "G1065" I think it should be "G1093"G1065 ge (e') prt.of emphasis or qualification. Textual Variants that are Meaningful, but not viable. The outstanding feature of family 35 is the consistency between manuscripts. Any form of eclecticism which accepts this principle will hardly succeed in establishing the original text of the New Testament; it will only confirm the view of the text which it presupposes. I have strong views on some scripture that I share with very few. Here is the website If you click the link, the footnotes are well worth reading, especially on is morally obligated because this translation nailed it. The B-I-B-L-E, But, as all human works, it suffers from some of the same failings it decries. This should warn us to beware of novel theories broached by Bengel and to examine with more than normal diligence statements made by him in support of such theories. No words and we never hear the gospel, and it is in His words that Gods truth to us regarding Jesus Christ is conveyedand He says He has put His words above His very name. The KJV is a translation of an edition of the Greek New Testament text called the Textus Receptus. O Hades, where is thy sting? In both classical and NT traditions there thus seems to be a scribal continuity of a basic standard text which remained relatively stable, preserved by the unforced action of copyists through the centuries who merely copied faithfully the text which lay before them. They also discounted the entire Byzantine text type based on an assumption which has now been proved wrong. Such is the power/authority of the covering on the head of the woman. The relevant portion says: Textum ergo habes, nunc ab omnibus receptum: in quo nihil immutatum aut corruptum damus, (Roughly Translated: so you hold the text, now received by all, in which nothing (is) corrupt.). More importantly, its patently unbiblical. My question is around a possible assumption: 5. At what time did they stop having confidence that they knew the text they had was pure? Believing (trusting) that His work of Calvary is sufficient payment for you as a sinner, and His Word is given for the direction of the repentant life. Please notice the casual dismissal of the Byzantine text type by one of the most respected textual critics of our age. There is much propaganda and misinformation regarding its finding. ), The 1633 Elzevir was extremely similar to the other editions mentioned, especially the Beza 1565. Notice, Like a Shepherd, appears to be an obvious reference to Jesus given the context. Now, lets look at how they compare to each other, and how much they agree with each other. If you could alter the rules or simply remove the bias against the Byzantine text type Reasoned Eclecticism stands a very good chance of producing the best results. Im planning to get an LSB when it comes out, and I too am looking forward to it. There is a big debate over which line of manuscripts the Apostles used. JavaScript is disabled. Novum testamentum Graece, The German biblical scholar Constantin von Tischendorf (1815-74) published his monumental eighth edition of the Greek New Testament between 1869 and 1872. I recommend my article: A Few Fun Things About Biblical (Koine) Greek since I have some resources at the end which should help. The translations into other languages are called versions, and Dan Wallace said this: Second, the extant versional manuscripts are virtually triple the extant Greek manuscripts in number (i.e., there are about 15,000 versional manuscripts). From this account, the accusation that it was found in a wastepaper basket/trash can is technically true, but is rather misleading. However, it must be noted that the Western church changed languages in the 600s with the adoption of the Vulgate as its official version. Certainly, the Word of God (Jesus, as in John 1:1) will live and endure forever. Codex Sinaiticus was found by a man named Lobegott Friedrich Constantin (von) Tischendorf, at St. Catherines monastery at the foot of Mount Sinai. After reading this one article, youll know more about these topics than the overwhelming vast majority of Christians. Some lesser, non-salvation related doctrines are affected, but many of those are arcane topics that rarely if ever touch on the Christian life. However, the antiquity of these manuscripts is no indication of reliability because a prominent church father in Alexandria testified that manuscripts were already corrupt by the third century. That covers the early manuscripts, but what about the later ones? He will gather the lambs with His arm, I was reading on a KJV only website that the NKJV does actually refer to the Hort text, just not as much as other modern versions. If you dont believe in any form of preservation, were not going to end up with the same conclusions, no matter how long we talk. However important the early papyri, or a particular uncial, or a minuscule may be, the total number of full disagreements in the 28thedition of. Otherwise there is too great a danger of reconstructing a test tube text which never existed at any time or place. For she has received from the Lords hand Please explain to your readers the import of the perfect tense used here. There are three major textual families/text types. It starts with God and His promises and moves down to man. The septuagint is a greek translation of the Old Testament. However important the early papyri, or a particular uncial, or a minuscule may be, there is no single manuscript or group or manuscripts that can be followed mechanically, even though certain combinations of witnesses may deserve a greater degree of confidence than others. Thus there were places in which it is unclear what the Greek basis of the New Testament was. Thank you for this article. 1633 (Elzevir) edited by Jeremias Hoelzlin, Professor of Greek at Leiden. I suppose if you know where all the errors are, you might want to make them publicly known so that they can be corrected. More importantly, Erasmus references in sundry of his letters some of the manuscripts he used. contains the word text Say to the cities of Judah, Behold your God!. BTW: Ive enjoyed our robust conversations. Id suggest you look at that article for my thoughts. These different philosophies naturally produced slightly different results, Overall, the Critical Text of the modern Greek New Testament bears a remarkable resemblance to the original work done by Westcott & Hort. Medium = Byzantine Text type, characterized by near-identical form over 1000+ years, and most manuscripts are of this type, Long/paraphrase = Western Text type, characterized by its love of paraphrase is like the uncontrolled popular text of Homer. The Textus Receptus is the text that has been used for 2,000 years by Christians. Any reading overwhelmingly attested by the manuscript tradition is more likely to be original than its rival(s).. He has preserved them for us! (Sir Knight of the Splendid Way, W.E. (her is supplied and not in the original but makes it clear that it is the womans head that the symbol is placed upon). I recommend the version sold by New England Bible Sales for around $25. Is there not an element of faith in your critique? We have four nearly complete Uncial manuscripts dating from before the year 1000. Theres a Textual Variant on the word gentle. Long = characterized by Scribal improvement and expansion. First, please notice that its words (plural) not word (singular). I have nothing but respect and admiration for your work here, brother. I know there are no exact figures, but there are some historical evidences that give us a good idea. MT: Jewish Old Testament in Hebrew and Aramaic, compiled 7th-10th Century AD from various earlier texts. Irenaeus in the 2nd century, though not in Alexandria, made a similar admission on the state of corruption among New Testament manuscripts, yet Irenaeus admits that it was already corrupted within just a few decades of the writing of the Apocalypse, I prefer to judge a work based on its merits, not what the authors, Think of the vile Textus Receptus leaning entirely on late MSS, As soon as the numbers of a minority exceed what can be explained by accidental coincidence, their agreement , A theoretical presumption indeed remains that, Once a variant reading appears in a manuscript, it doesnt simply go away. The Byzantine text type does have some very early witnesses, (in papyri from the 200s and 300s) but these often contain Byzantine readings mixed in with the other text types. One issue, a minor one, the majority of Greek manuscripts show the content of Romans 16:25-27 actually belongs in 14:24-26. 11 Teach me Thy way, O Lord; I will walk in thy truth: unite my heart to fear Thy name. http://www.jesusisprecious.org/bible/nkjv/alexandrian_corrupt_source.htm, The information in this article is to be greatly commended and respected, but far more, the humility from which it is written. Its definitely a step in the right direction. I believe this is the same viewpoint you use when dealing with the text issue. The Byzantine text type is noticeably longer than the Alexandrian text type. More accurately than any other ancient document by a HUGE margin but that doesnt mean we have it perfectly. Erasmus also lacked a complete copy of the Book of Revelation and translated the last six verses back into Greek from the Latin Vulgate to finish his edition. Are you aware that that is a myth, or at least that that assertion has been shown of many to be false? Its curious that Codex Vaticanus is given the position of most important when the actual quality of the transcription leaves something to be desired. Textus Receptus vs. Critical Text Textus Receptus vs. Critical Text. The Elzevirs might have thought it was without error (doubtful) but remember that all marketing is subject to hyperbole. First, we should reiterate that the differences were talking about here occur in less than 1% of the New Testament. While the character of the workers can shed some light on the work, I prefer to judge a work based on its merits, not what the authors might have believed. Notice, he specifically said the law. I lead a mens Bible study which is currently discussing truth and questions came up over the parenthetical thought in 1 Tim 2:7 ( vs ). Thats much closer to an answer. Metzger translated these words as, Fool and knave, cant you leave the old reading alone, and not alter it! Another rendering: Untrained troublemaker, forgive the ancient [reading]; do not convert it. He re-wrote , erasing most of the correctors . The Greek word epi when used with the genitive as in ts kephal means over or upon. Now, this argument can be used both for and against the Byzantine Text type. In the Erasmus Textus Receptus section, you wrote: For a sense of scale, weve already seen that (doing the math and estimating) there are ~6470 textual variations between the Codex Vaticanus and Codex Vaticanus. The original rules set down by Westcott &Hort arent consulted terribly often anymore. F.H.A. Reasoned Eclecticism / Critical Text Conclusion, The Mathematical Case for The Majority Text, However, Some say this mathematical model is Wrong. 10 Behold, the Lord God shall come with a strong hand, If the basis of your faith is the Westminster Confession of Faith, I would humbly suggest you move to a firmer foundation. The assumption is that each manuscript was copied a relatively equal number of times. When also, according to another prophetic word, Contempt was poured out upon rulers, and he caused them to wander in an untrodden and pathless way., It was in the nineteenth year of the reign of Diocletian, in the month Dystrus, called March by the Romans, when the feast of the Saviours passion was near at hand, thatroyal edicts were published everywhere, commanding that the churches be leveled to the ground and the Scriptures be destroyed by fire,and ordering that those who held places of honor be degraded, and that the household servants, if they persisted in the profession of Christianity, be deprived of freedom.. I believe God preserved it, Im just dont think the preservation was word-perfect. Its close-ish, but the actual path was slightly more convoluted than that. NASB95 and NKJV are by far my favorite, with ESV as the distant runner-up. As weve already seen, Codex Vaticanus and Codex Sinaiticus were certainly of mediocre to poor quality. However, He never promised to preserve them perfectly and to assert that He did is to put words in Gods mouth. The Textus Receptus goes back to the early Christians. Maybe you should have explained that, out of those manuscripts he consulted, he selected 7-8 fit enough to produce his text. 9 For also, man wasnt created for woman, but woman for man. More on that in a moment. Theres no other evidence for this so take with a grain of salt but they are the only two manuscripts that share that characteristic. The primary authority for a critical textual decision lies with the Greek manuscript tradition, with the version and Fathers serving no more than a supplementary and corroborative function, particularly in passages where their underlying Greek text cannot be reconstructed with absolute certainty. On page 78 ofThe King James Only Controversy, author James White states: Once a variant reading appears in a manuscript, it doesnt simply go away. The Alexandrian text type is slightly shorter than the Byzantine text type. It is known by other names, such as the Traditional Text, Majority Text, Byzantine Text, or Syrian Text. Was There a Scribal Preference to Copy Better Manuscripts? The Western text type is different from the other textual families mostly because of its love of paraphrase. But I would give them all up to dispel the confusion and go back to studying the original languages, which I use Jewish-English, an LXX-English translation, and a lexicon to do. The authorities of the convent allowed me to possess myself of a third of these parchments, or about forty-three sheets, all the more readily as they were destined for the fire. Thats makes the Confessional Position interesting, but ultimately not rooted and grounded in scripture. Again, well go back to Westcott & Hort because they did the original work that virtually all modern New Testament translations are based on. It conjures in my mind imagery from that classic Sir Knight of the Splendid Way when the Gray Questioner began placing casual doubt in the mind of Gods servant, until he was lost on a sea of doubt and confusion. I am very thankful to have found your work. In any case, there are no NT readings based on the critical text in the NKJVwell, maybe one that looked suspicious. No Scholar . It was a printed text, not a hand-copied manuscript, created in the 15th century to fill the need for a textually accurate Greek New Testament. That alone changes things a lot. And His work before Him. A poor translation can obscure many things about the original language, making it difficult to know. monogenes theos P75, P66, Vaticanus, Sinaiticus etc. We will be ignoring this segment and focusing on their more genial and reasonable counterparts.). Thanks so much for all your analysis. Most modern translations are based on an edition of the Nestle-Aland/United Bible Society (NA/UBS) text. I refer you to the following article, quoting the beginning paragraph of the counter-argument: Could this have been mis-transcribed from the end of chapter 19: 7 You, O LORD, will keep them; And so saying, he took down from the corner of the room a bulky kind of volume, wrapped up in a red cloth, and laid it before me. No, a prophetic application is what the verse is about, and thus the Confessional Bibliogist is correct in using that way. At what time did they stop having confidence that they knew the text they had was pure? No matter which copy or version you pick (since we dont have the original) then what about before the copy came into existence? The Majority Text theory gives an extremely high weight to readings that are supported by the majority of manuscripts. Theres good reason to think its actually a very good document, and it aligns well with the Majority Text. Its not hard to imagine they were fairly pure for the ~300 additional years it would take to get back to the originals. The TR had the singular in 1550 but was changed to the plural in the 1894 TR. While the ASV used Westcott/Horts Greek New Testament text, the Web uses the Greek Majority Text. Unbelief in the Doctrine of Preservation is a weakness that can wedge a crack in faith in the Word of God. . Thats how it got its name because of a marketing ploy. That makes sense, or at least more sense than applying it to the Bible. Posted July 16, 2008. The modern NA27 and NA28 are closer to Westcott & Horts 1881 text than the NA25. This is the essence of whats called the Doctrine of Preservation. I hope that helps. In fact, when you see a Bible footnote that says the earliest and best manuscripts, they are almost universally talking about these two manuscripts, and only these two manuscripts. 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